Volume 12, (2020)

• K2Ti6O13 Nanoparticle-Loaded Porous rGO Crumples for Supercapacitors

  Chongmin Lee1, 2, Sun Kyung Kim2, Hankwon Chang1, 2, Hee Dong Jang1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 10
  First Online: 26 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0344-3

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    Schematic illustration of the formation of KTO NPs/PGC composites from a colloidal mixture of TiO2, KOH, and GO via aerosol spray pyrolysis and post heat treatment
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    X-ray diffraction patterns of the KTO NPs/PGC composites prepared at different weight ratios of GO and KOH (reaction temperature: 200 °C, gas flow rate: 10 L min−1, post heat treatment: 700 °C, 2 h)
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    FE-SEM of the KTO NPs/PGC composites prepared at different weight ratios (GO:KOH:TiO2) of a 1:1:0.25, b 1:2:0.25, and c 1:3:0.25 (reaction temperature: 200 °C, gas flow rate: 10 L min−1, post heat treatment: 700 °C, 2 h)
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    TEM images of the a GR crumples and b KTO NP/PGC composites prepared at weight ratio of GO:KOH:TiO2 for 1:3:0.25 (reaction temperature: 200 °C, gas flow rate: 10 L min−1, post heat treatment: 700 °C, 2 h), and c EDS elemental mapping analysis of KTO NP/PGC composites
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    Specific surface area of the KTO NPs/PGC composites prepared at different weight ratios of GO and KOH (reaction temperature: 200 °C, gas flow rate: 10 L min−1, post heat treatment: 700 °C, 2 h)
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    a CV curves, b GCD curves, c Specific capacitances, and d EIS curves of the KTO NPs/PGC composites prepared at different weight ratios of GO and KOH, measured using a symmetric two-electrode system
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    a CV curves, b GCD curves, c Specific capacitances, and d EIS curves of the KTO NPs, PGC, and KTO NPs/PGC composites measured using a symmetric two-electrode system
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    Ragone plot correlating energy density and power density, in comparison with other recently reported supercapacitor devices using akali-metal titanates

• Elastic Aerogels of Cellulose Nanofibers@Metal-Organic Framework for Thermal Insulation and Fire Retardancy

  Shengyang Zhou1, Varvara Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura2, Marcus Vinícius Tavares da Costa3, Lennart Bergström2, Maria Strømme1,*, Chao Xu1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 9
  First Online: 19 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0343-4

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation of CNF@Al-MIL-53 (CAM) aerogels through an interfacial-synthesis and stepwise-assembly approach. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) extracted from algae were coated and crosslinked with continuous Al-MIL-53 nanolayers. The resulting freestanding CAM aerogel is ultralight and can stand on the tip of a feather (ρ = 0.2 mg cm-3)
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    a XRD patterns of the pure cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and CNF@Al-MIL-53 (CAM) aerogels. b FTIR spectra of the pure CNF aerogel, pure Al-MIL-53 powder, and CAM aerogel. c N2 sorption isotherms and pore size distribution of the pure CNF and CAM aerogels. d TEM image of CAM nanofibers at different magnifications. High resolution SEM image of e the pure CNFs and f the CAM nanofibers. g-i SEM images of the CAM aerogel at different magnifications, the circled areas show the joints between the crosslinked nanofibers. MOF = metal−organic framework
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    a Thermal conductivity of the pure cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel, the pure Al-MIL-53 pellet, and the CNF@Al-MIL-53 (CAM) aerogel at 5% relative humidity and room temperature. b Thermal conductivity of the pure CNF aerogel, the pure Al-MIL-53 pellet, and the CAM aerogel as a function of relative humidity at room temperature. c Time-dependent temperature profile of the top surface of the pure CNF aerogel, the pure Al-MIL-53 pellet, and the CAM aerogel after placing on a 300 °C heating stage. The inset shows a photograph of the measurement apparatus. d Infrared side-view images of the pure CNF aerogel, the pure Al-MIL-53 pellet, and the CAM aerogel, with the temperature of the top surfaces
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    Mechanical properties of the CNF@Al-MIL-53 (CAM) aerogel. a Reversible compressive stress-strain curves of the CAM aerogel (ρ = 2 mg cm-3) using different levels of strain; the insets are photographs of a compression-decompression test cycle. b Comparison of the CAM aerogel with other aerogels in terms of specific stress (σ/ρ) and specific modulus (E/ρ). c Results of an 800-cycle fatigue test on the CAM aerogel (ρ = 2 mg cm-3) at a compressive strain of 60%. d Scanning electron microscopy images of the CAM aerogel after the 800-cycle compression test
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    Burning tests of a the pure cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel in the flame of an alcohol lamp (~500 °C), b the pure CNF aerogel in the flame of a butane blowtorch (~1300 °C), c CNF@Al-MIL-53 (CAM) aerogel in the flame of an alcohol lamp, and d CAM aerogel in the flame of a butane blowtorch. e Heat release rate (HRR) curves of the pure CNF and CAM aerogels recorded during the cone calorimetry test. The insets show the residues after the measurements. f TGA analysis curves of the pure CNF and CAM aerogels under air flow. g High resolution SEM images of CAM aerogel after the combustion experiment in the flame of a butane blowtorch

• Bi2S3 for Aqueous Zn Ion Battery with Enhanced Cycle Stability

  Ting Xiong 1, 2, Yinming Wang1, Bosi Yin1, 3, Wen Shi1, Wee Siang Vincent Lee1, *, Junmin Xue1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 8
  First Online: 19 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0352-3

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    a XRD pattern, b crystallographic structure, c XPS spectrum, d, e TEM images, and f High resolution TEM image of Bi2S3 nanoparticles (inset is the SAED image)
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    a CV curve at 0.5 mV s-1. b The charge/discharge curves. c Rate performance of Zn/Bi2S3 cell at current densities from 0.2 to 10 A g−1. d Ragone plot. e, f The long-term cycling performance at current density of 0.2 A g−1 and 1 A g−1
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    a Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). b CV curves at different scan rates. c The corresponding plots of log (peak current) vs. log (scan rate) at the redox peaks. d The calculated capacitive contributions
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    a Charge/discharge curve at 0.2 A g-1. b The corresponding ex-situ XRD patterns. c XPS spectra Zn 2p at selected states. d, e TEM images of ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2·4H2O. f, g TEM images of Bi2S3 at the fully discharged state

• Experimental and DFT Studies of Au Deposition Over WO3/g-C3N4 Z-Scheme Heterojunction

  Muhammad Humayun1, 2, Habib Ullah3, Junhao Cao1, Wenbo Pi1, Yang Yuan1, Sher Ali1, Asif Ali Tahir3, Pang Yue4, Abbas Khan5, Zhiping Zheng1, Qiuyun Fu1, Wei Luo1, 2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 7
  First Online: 19 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0345-2

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    a XRD patterns, and b UV-Vis absorption spectra of 6WO3/CN and yAu/6WO3/CN composites
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    a TEM image of CN, b HRTEM image with inset TEM image of 6WO3/CN composite, c TEM image of 4Au/6WO3/CN composite, d HRTEM image of 4Au/6WO3/CN composite with selected area TEM image as inset, e TEM image of WO3, and f HRTEM image of WO3
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    a XPS survey spectra, b high resolution C 1s XPS spectra, and c high resolution N 1s XPS spectra of CN, 6WO3/CN, and 4Au/6WO3/CN photocatalysts. High resolution d O 1s XPS spectra, and e W 4f XPS spectra of 6WO3/CN and 4Au/6WO3/CN photocatalysts. f High resolution Au 4f XPS spectra of 4Au/6WO3/CN photocatalyst
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    Average electron difference density along with electrostatic potential maps of a 6WO3/CN andb 4Au/6WO3/CN composites. The green and yellow shaded areas denote electron accumulation and donation, respectively
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    a Surface photovoltage (SPV) spectra, b photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and c fluorescence spectra related to the •OH amount of 6WO3/CN and yAu/6WO3/CN composites. d Photoelectrochemical I-V curves of CN, 6WO3/CN, and 4Au/6WO3/CN
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    H2 production activity of a CN and xWO3/CN photocatalysts under visible-light, b 6WO3/CN and yAu/6WO3/CN photocatalysts under visible-light, c CN and xWO3/CN photocatalysts under UV-Visible light, and d 6WO3/CN and yAu/6WO3/CN photocatalysts under UV-Visible light. Error bars are added to Fig. 6a-d. Photocatalytic stability and recyclability test of the 4Au/6WO3/CN composite for H2 production e under visible-light and f under UV-Visible light
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    Schematic for the energy band gaps, charge carriers separation and transfer, and the photocatalytic processes over 4Au/6WO3/CN composite

• Photocatalytic H2 Evolution on TiO2 Assembled with Ti3C2 MXene and Metallic 1T-WS2 as Cocatalysts

  Yujie Li1, #, Lei Ding1, #, Shujun Yin1, Zhangqian Liang1, Yanjun Xue1, Xinzhen Wang1, *, Hongzhi Cui1, *, Jian Tian1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 6
  First Online: 16 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0339-0

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation of 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites
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    Schematic photocatalytic mechanism of 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites
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    a XRD patterns of Ti3C2, TiO2@Ti3C2, and 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2); b fully scanned XPS spectrum, c Ti 2p, and d W 4f XPS spectra in 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2)
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    SEM images of a Ti3C2 MXene, b 1T-WS2 and c, d 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2)
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    a, b HRTEM and c EDX elemental mapping images of 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2)
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    N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and corresponding pore size distribution curves (inset) of 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites with a 10 wt%, b 15 wt%, c 20 wt%, and d 25 wt% WS2 ratios
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    UV–Vis DRS spectra of Ti3C2 MXene, TiO2 NSs, TiO2@Ti3C2, and 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2)
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    a Photocatalytic H2 production and b rate of the samples under simulated sunlight illumination
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    a Steady and b time-resolved PL spectra of TiO2 NSs and 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2), λex = 325 nm
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    a Transient photocurrent responses and b EIS of TiO2 NSs and 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composites (15 wt% WS2)

• A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

  Zhuang Hui1, 2, 3, Ming Xiao2, 4, Daozhi Shen5, Jiayun Feng2, 6, Peng Peng3, Yangai Liu1, *, Walter W. Duley 2, 7, Y. Norman Zhou2, 4	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 5
  First Online: 14 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0338-1

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    a Schematic showing the relevant steps in the sequential deposition of the CNP films and the TiO2 NWs onto a Ti electrode. b Measurement of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. c SEM image of as-synthesized TiO2 NWs. d A cross-sectional view of the films deposited on the Ti electrode. The Ti-CNP boundary is indicated with the blue line, while the CNP-TiO2 NWs boundary is shown as the green line. e Morphology of the top surface of the TiO2 NWs film in the C-T generator. f The top surface of a CNP film after a 4 min-deposition. g Magnified image of the selected area in f. h A cross-sectional view of the CNP films
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    Digital images of the C-T generator a before test, b after test. Similar images for the TiO2 NWs generator c before test, d after test. The scale bar is 1 cm
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    a UOC b ISC response of the C-T generator when 6 µL of liquid water is dropped on the device. After UOC measurement, the C-T generator was left in the ambience to dry, following by the ISC test. The voltage response of the C-T generator to similar quantities of liquid ethanol, acetone, and methanol are shown in c, d, and e, respectively. f Maximum UOC and decay time for the C-T generator on exposure to different liquids
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    a Time dependence of the voltage response of the C-T generator for several liquids recorded with a fast oscilloscope (data acquisition frequency: 1 MHz). Black, red, blue, and green curves response to H2O, ethanol, acetone, and methanol. Expanded UOC(t) plot of the initial response to droplets of H2O, ethanol, acetone and methanol are shown in b-e. The purple curve in each Figure plots dUOC/dt, while the trigger voltage was set to 0.3 V. f Effective trigger time for each liquid, defined as the time that the open-circuit voltage reaches 0.3 V
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    Comparison of the performance of the C-T power generator with that of other water-induced power generators
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    Schematic of a possible system for PCB protection using an array of C-T generators

• Rational Design of Porous N-Ti3C2@CNT Microspheres for High Cycling Stability Li-S Battery

  Jianli Wang1, Zhao Zhang1, Xufeng Yan1, Shunlong Zhang1, Zihao Wu1, Zhihong Zhuang1, Wei-Qiang Han1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 4
  First Online: 12 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0341-6

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    Schematic illustration of preparation of a N-Ti3C2, b N-Ti3C2@CNTs, and c N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres
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    SEM images of a, b multi-layered Ti3C2 MXene after etching, c, d Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets after exfoliation, e N-Ti3C2, f, g N-Ti3C2@CNTs, and h, i N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres
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    a-c TEM and HRTEM images of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres, d EDS elemental mapping of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S composite
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    a XRD patterns of three kinds of materials, b N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm curves and pore size distribution of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres, c XPS survey, d C 1s spectra, e Ti 2p spectra, and f N 1s spectra of N-Ti3C2, N-Ti3C2@CNTs, and N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres
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    a CV curve of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode at the scanning rate of 0.1 mV s–1. b Magnification of cathodic peaks (voltage range of 1.9-2.2 V). c Rate capability of three cathodes at different C-rate (the calculation of specific capacity is based on the weight of sulfur in the cathode). d The galvanostatic charge/discharge curves for N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode at various C-rate. Cycling performance of three cathodes at e 0.2 C and f 1 C
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    a Ti 2p and b S 2p spectra of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/Li2S6. EIS spectra of sulfur cathodes c before and d after cycles. Cycling performance of N-Ti3C2@CNT microspheres/S cathode at e high C-rate of 4 C and f high sulfur loading

• TiN Paper for Ultrafast-Charging Supercapacitors

  Bin Yao1, Mingyang Li1, 2, Jing Zhang1, Lei Zhang1, 3, Yu Song1, Wang Xiao1, Andrea Cruz1, Yexiang Tong2, Yat Li1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 3
  First Online: 10 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0340-7

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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of TiN paper from TiO2 paper. b, c SEM images of TiN nanobelts. Inset in Fig. 1b shows the digital image of a piece of flexible TiN paper. d, e TEM and high-resolution TEM images of porous TiN nanobelts. f Cross-sectional SEM image of TiN paper
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    a XRD pattern and b, c Ti 2p and N 1s XPS spectra of TiN paper. d TEM image and the corresponding Ti, N, and O elemental mapping images of TiN nanobelts
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    a I-V curves of individual ultralong TiO2 and TiN nanobelts. Inset shows the SEM image of a single nanobelt test unit. b I-V curves of TiO2 and TiN papers. Inset shows the digital image of TiN papers as a part of the electrical connections to light a blue LED by a commercial 3 V battery
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    a Schematic illustration of the device configuration of TiN pellet and paper based SSCs. b Galvanostatic charging and discharging curves of the SSCs at a current density of 10 A g-1. The iR drop of TiN paper SSC and pellet SSC are 0.018 and 0.667 V. c Electrochemical impedance spectra of TiN pellet SSC and TiN paper SSC. The knee frequency of the TiN paper SSCs and TiN pellet SSCs are 464 and 26.1 Hz. d Z’ versus the reciprocal of the square root of frequency (ω-0.5) in the intermediate frequency range. The dashed lines are the linear fitting lines for calculating the ion diffusion resistance, σ
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    a-e CV curves of TiN paper SSC collected at different scan rates in 0.5 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. f A plot of discharge current of TiN paper SSC against scan rate
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    a Capacitance retention of TiN paper SSC obtained at 1 V s-1 in 0.5 M Na2SO4, 1 M H2SO4, and 1 M KOH electrolytes are plotted as a function of cycling number. b-d CV curves of TiN paper SSC collected at the 1st and after the 200,000th cycle in 0.5 M Na2SO4, 1 M H2SO4, and 1 M KOH electrolytes at 10 V s-1. e-g SEM images of the TiN paper electrodes after testing for 200,000 cycles in 0.5 M Na2SO4, 1 M H2SO4, and 1 M KOH electrolytes at 1 V s-1
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    a CV curves of TiN paper SSC with different mass loadings collected at a scan rate of 1 V s-1. b Areal capacitance of TiN paper SSC is plotted as a function of TiN mass loading. The linear solid line is a guide to the eye

• Nano/Micro-Confined Water in Graphene Hydrogel as Superadsorbents for Water Purification

  Yiran Sun1, Fei Yu2, *, Cong Li3, Xiaohu Dai1, 5, Jie Ma1, 4, 5, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 2
  First Online: 12 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0336-3

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    a Optical image of GH. b TEM, and c SEM images of GA; d Raman spectra of graphite oxide, graphene oxide (GO) and GA-1.5, e Raman spectra of the GA samples under different pH; f ID/IG values for the GA samples; g XRD patterns of graphite, graphite oxide, GA-1.5, and h the GA samples; i the calculated interlayer spacing values for GA samples under different pH
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    a N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, b pore size distribution, c mean pore diameter, d pore volume, and e SSA of the GA samples
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    a XPS spectra of GA samples and GO, b percentages (at%) of C and O in the GA samples and GO, and C 1s core level spectra for GA samples: c GA-1.5, d GA-3.5, e GA-5.5, f GA-8.5, and g GA-12
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    a Optical image of GA, b a quality comparison of the GA and GH samples, and c the moisture content of the GH samples. Contact angle of d-h the GH samples and i GA-1.5
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    a ATR-IR spectra for bulk water, GH-12, and GA-12; b Raman spectra of the GA and GH samples; c-g OH stretching sub-band of water in the GH samples; h percentage intensity of w1+w2(I1+I2) and w3+w4(I3+I4) in the GH samples; and i mass of bulk water (Mb) and confined water (Mc) in the GH samples
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    a Equilibrium adsorption isotherms for the GH samples, b maximum adsorption capacity of the GH samples calculated by Langmuir isotherms, c adsorption capacity, and d change ratio of the adsorption capacity for the GH samples under different c(NaCl) conditions. e Adsorption capacity and f change ratio of the adsorption capacity of the GH samples prepared at different pH levels
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    a The linear fitting results for SSAMmicro (SSA of the micropores in one GH sample) and Mc (mass of confined water in one GH sample); b the linear fitting results for Mo% (oxygen content in one GH sample) and Mc; and c the linear fitting results for the Mc and Q/OFG (normalized adsorption capacity of the confined water for each GH sample)

• Waste Copper Wires to Dendritic Nanostructure for High-Energy Wire-Type Alkaline Battery

  Nilesh R. Chodankar1, 2, Su-Hyeon Ji1, Young-Kyu Han2, Do-Heyoung Kim1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12: 1
  First Online: 12 December 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0337-2

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    Schematic illustration of the preparation of dendritic-structured NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode using e-waste Cu wires for the RAB application
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    FESEM images for the a, b Cu(OH)2/Cu wire, c, d NiO/CuO/Cu, and e–g NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrodes; h, i TEM images for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; and j STEM-EDS elemental mapping results for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode
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    a Comparative CV curves and b corresponding length capacitance for the Cu(OH)2/Cu, NiO/CuO/Cu, NiCo-hydroxide/Cu(OH)2/Cu and NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrodes at a constant scan rate of 100 m /s-1; c CV and d CD curves for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode at various scanning rates in 2 M KOH electrolyte; e specific capacitance and specific capacity for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode at various currents; f plot of diffusion-controlled contribution at different scan rates for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; g Nyquist plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; the inset shows the magnified view of the Nyquist plot; h plot of capacity retention versus cycle number for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode; the inset shows the first and last cycles; and i schematic representation showing the merits of the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode for the RAB application
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    CV curves for a the AC/SS and NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu electrode in 2 KOH electrolyte at a constant scan rate of 20 mV s-1; b the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various applied voltage ranges; c the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various scan rates in the voltage window of 0 to 1.5 V; d CD curves for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB at various currents; e plot of specific capacitance and specific capacity at various discharge current for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; f Ragone plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; g Nyquist plot for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; the inset shows the fitted equivalent circuit; h plot of capacity retention and coulombic efficiency for the NiCo-hydroxide/NiO/CuO/Cu//AC/SS RAB; and i initial and final CD cycles at a constant current of 25 mA

Volume 11 (2019)

• Recent Progress on Engineering Highly Efficient Porous Semiconductor Photocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks

  Wenwen Zhan1, Liming Sun1, Xiguang Han1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 1
  First Online: 08 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z

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    Timeline of the important breakthroughs in the fabrication of MOF-derived photocatalysts for various reactions
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    a Schematic illustration of MOF-templated synthesis of Fe2O3@TiO2 and its use for photocatalytic hydrogen production after deposition of Pt particles; high-resolution TEM images of Fe2O3@TiO2, both b as-synthesized and c after Pt particles have been deposited. The scale bars represent 10 nm; d H2 produced by Fe2O3@TiO2 at various times over 48 h under visible-light illumination. The inset shows the amount of H2 produced over this period.
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    a–c TEM and HRTEM images of PHIC. d STEM image and EDXS elemental mapping of C, O, and In. e mass-normalized H2 yield rates over PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under sunlight illumination. f photocurrent densities of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3 under non-illuminated (i.e., dark) and illuminated (i.e., light) conditions. g Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plots of PHIC, PHI, and commercial In2O3. h mass-normalized H2 yield for 7 h over commercial In2O3, PHI, commercial In2O3 with Pt, PHI with Pt, and PHIC without Pt under simulated sunlight illumination.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hierarchically porous metal oxides/sulfides templated by MOFs by a nanocasting process. b Photocurrent response and c EIS Nyquist plots for bulk CdS, nano-CdS as well as HP-CdS. d Comparison of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of bulk CdS, nano-CdS, and HP-CdS. e Catalytic recyclability of HP-CdS in hydrogen production by water splitting.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure for NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. b PXRD patterns of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS. c TEM image and particle size distribution (Fig. 2c inset) of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. d EELS elemental mapping images and e HRTEM image of NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S. f EIS plots, g photocurrent–time dependence, and h comparison of photocatalytic HER rates of NiS/ZnxCd1−xS; i HER cycling test for NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S under visible-light irradiation.
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP photocatalysts. a1–a3 TEM images of Pt–ZnO–Co3O4, Pt–ZnS–CoS, and Pt–Zn3P2–CoP. b1–b4 Photocatalytic hydrogen generation as the function of reaction time over different photocatalysts.
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure of ZNGs and four types of bonding configurations of N atoms (1 graphitic N, 2 pyrrolic N, 3 pyridinic N, 4 pyridine-N-oxide). b Photocatalytic activities of ZNGs for H2 production with Pt as a cocatalyst. c Photocatalytic activity of ZNG-1000 under a prolonged light illumination for 12 h without Pt as a cocatalyst (inset: time course of the H2 evolution rate of ZNGs without Pt as a cocatalyst). d High-resolution TEM image of ZNG-1000.
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    a Low- and b high-magnification TEM images of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra. c Low- and d high-magnification TEM images of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra. e HRTEM image of Co3O4 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded for the whole particle). f HRTEM image of CW-2 hollow dodecahedra (inset is the SAED pattern recorded from the whole particle). g TOF and h transient photocurrent response of Co3O4 and CW-n under visible-light irradiation (from left to right: Co3O4, CW-1, CW-2, and CW-3).
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    a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of the hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotube: (I) liquid phase sulfidation and (II) cation exchange reaction. b, c TEM images of hierarchical In2S3 nanotubes. d Elemental mappings of an individual In2S3 nanotube. e–g TEM images of hierarchical In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotubes. h Elemental mappings of a single In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 nanotube. i–n CO2 photoreduction performance. i Generation of CO and H2 over different samples. j Evolution of CO and H2 under various reaction conditions. k Results of GC–MS analysis of CO produced from 13CO2 isotope experiment. l Production of CO and H2 as a function of reaction time. m Formation of CO and H2 in stability tests. n Wavelength dependence of yields of CO and H2, and the light absorption spectrum of In2S3–CdIn2S4-10 photocatalyst.
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    Structure characterization of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure: a FESEM image, b and c TEM images, d SAED pattern, and e–g the corresponding HRTEM images. h STEM image of the core–shell cuboctahedron structure and the corresponding EDXS elemental mapping of C, Cu, N, and O and i line profiles. j Photocatalytic equation and reaction conditions. k Product yield correlation with reaction time in the CDC reaction between indole and N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline catalyzed by different catalysts. l Cycling experiments using CNPC as the catalyst.
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    Structures of the three normal dye pollutants
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    SEM images of a ZIF-8, b ZnO-300-3, c ZnO-300-5, d ZnO-500-5, and e ZnO-750-5. f Photodegradation of MB over different catalysts. SEM images of g ZIF-8-derived pure ZnO and h N-doped ZnO. i Photodegradation of RhB by blank (absence of photocatalyst), pure ZnO, and N-doped ZnO with different ratios of urea and ZIF-8 as the precursors. SEM (j, k) and TEM (l, m) images of C350–400. j The calculated reaction rates k for RhB (n1) and phenol (n2) photodegradation under visible light (> 420 nm), k for RhB (n3) and phenol (n4) photodegradation under UV–Vis light (Xenon light)

• Bimetallic Nickel Cobalt Sulfide as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Zn–Air Battery and Water Splitting

  Jingyan Zhang1, Xiaowan Bai2, Tongtong Wang1, Wen Xiao3, Pinxian Xi4, Jinlan Wang2, Daqiang Gao1,*, John Wang3,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 2
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0232-2

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    a XRD spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. b High-resolution XRD spectra with 2 theta angles ranging from 30.5° to 33.5°. c Raman spectra of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. d SEM image of (Ni,Co)S2. The insert is high-magnification SEM image. e TEM image, f, h HRTEM images, and g EDS spectrum of (Ni,Co)S2. i EDS mapping images of Ni, Co, and S elements in (Ni,Co)S2
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    High-resolution XPS spectra of a Co 2p, b Ni 2p, and c S 2p. d Density of states (DOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. e Partial density of states (PDOS) curves of (Ni,Co)S2. Insert shows the optimized crystal structure of (Ni,Co)S2. f Charge density distribution of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a Polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Ir/C (20% Ir) at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from the corresponding polarization curves. c EIS of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2. The inset is an analogue circuit diagram. d Cdl obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. e I–t curves at 1.5 V versus RHE for 7 × 104 s. f Schematic of Gibbs free energy changes in the four elementary steps during OER on (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2. g Proposed 4-step OER path presented using the model of (100) surface of (Ni,Co)S2
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    a ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, CoS2, and Pt/C (20% Pt) at 2 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH at 1600 rpm. b CVs of (Ni,Co)S2 in O2 and N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. c ORR polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at different rotation rates from 400 to 2400 rpm. The inset figure is the K–L plots. d RRDE polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2 at 1600 rpm. The ring electrode was polarized at 1.5 V at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. e Bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of various catalysts toward both ORR and OER
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    a Schematic illustration of rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open cell voltage curve and c polarization and power density curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based primary Zn–air battery. d Galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling curves at 2 mA cm−2 of the rechargeable Zn–air battery. e Charge–discharge efficiency of the Zn–air battery at the beginning and end. f Long-time discharge curves of (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery at 5 mA cm−2. g Photograph of red LED powered by two (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. h Photographs of an electronic watch powered by the (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air battery
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    a HER polarization curves of (Ni,Co)S2, NiS2, and CoS2 at 5 mV s−1 in 0.1 M KOH. b Tafel slopes obtained from their polarization curves. c Schematic diagram of the self-assembled water-splitting system. d LSV curves of overall water splitting by (Ni,Co)S2 electrocatalyst in a two-electrode configuration at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. e Two electrodes after water splitting powered by two in-series (Ni,Co)S2-based Zn–air batteries. f Time dependence of the mole quantities of H2 and O2 produced in the self-driven overall water-splitting unit

• Coral-Like Yolk–Shell-Structured Nickel Oxide/Carbon Composite Microspheres for High-Performance Li-Ion Storage Anodes

  Min Su Jo1, Subrata Ghosh2, Sang Mun Jeong2, Yun Chan Kang3,*, Jung Sang Cho1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 3
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0234-0

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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained by spray pyrolysis at different temperatures: a 300 °C, b 400 °C, c 500 °C, d 600 °C, e 700 °C, and f 800 °C
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    Morphologies of the as-prepared powders obtained from the solution containing Ni salt, PVP, and a without PS nanobeads, b with 10 g L−1, c 20 g L−1, d 40 g L−1, and e 80 g L−1 PS nanobeads
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres
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    XRD patterns of the a CYS-Ni/NiO/C and b CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a, b, d FE-SEM images, c, e HR-TEM images, f SAED pattern, and g elemental mapping images of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    a Survey XPS, b Ni 2p XPS, c C 1s XPS and d Raman spectra, e N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, and f BJH pore size distribution of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres
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    Formation mechanism of the coral-like yolk–shell-structured NiO/C composite microspheres
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    Electrochemical properties of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres for lithium-ion storage: a CV curves of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, b 1st charge/discharge curves at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, c cycling performance at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, d rate performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres, and e long-term cycling performance of the CYS-NiO/C microspheres at the current density of 2.0 A g−1
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    a–c Nyquist impedance plots (lines represent fitting data) and d relationships between the real part of the impedance (Zre) and ω−1/2 of the CYS-NiO/C, CYS-Ni/NiO/C, and hollow NiO microspheres: a before cycling, b after the 1st cycle, c, d after the 200th cycle
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    Morphologies of a hollow NiO, b, c CYS-NiO/C, and d CYS-Ni/NiO/C microspheres after the 200th cycles: a, b, d FE-SEM images and c TEM images

• In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

  Qi Shao1, Jiaqi Liu1, Qiong Wu1, Qiang Li1, Heng‑guo Wang1,*, Yanhui Li1, Qian Duan1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 4
  First Online: 09 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0231-3

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Co9S8/NSG
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    a UV–Vis absorption spectra of TSPP, TSPPCo, and TSPPCo/GO. b XRD patterns and c Raman spectra of the different samples. d N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution (inset) of Co9S8/NSG-700
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    a Low- and b high-resolution SEM images of Co9S8/NSG-700. c TEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. d HRTEM image of Co9S8/NSG-700. e TEM image and elemental mapping of carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, and sulfur
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    a XPS survey, and high-resolution XPS spectra of b N 1 s, c Co 2p, and d S 2p of Co9S8/NSG-600, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Co9S8/NSG-800
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    ORR performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 0.1 M KOH. a CV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 in N2-saturated and O2-saturated solutions. b LSV curves of Co9S8/C-700, NSG-700, Co9S8/NSG-700, and Pt/C at 1600 rpm. c LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 at different rotating rates. d K–L plots and the electron transfer number (inset) obtained from RDE results of Co9S8/NSG-700. e Tafel plots of the samples. f Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH
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    OER performance of Co9S8/NSG-700 in 1 M KOH. a LSV curves and b Tafel plots of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C. c Current–time (i − t) chronoamperometric response of Co9S8/NSG-700 and RuO2. d Combined ORR/OER LSV curves of Co9S8/NSG-700, RuO2, and Pt/C
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled rechargeable Zn–air battery. b Open-circuit plots of Co9S8/NSG-700 (inset: photograph of the open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. d Galvanodynamic discharge curve profiles and corresponding power density curves of Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2. e Cycling curves of the Co9S8/NSG-700 and Pt/C–RuO2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. f Photographs of an LED bike lamp powered by three Zn–air batteries of Co9S8/NSG-700 catalysts before and after 12 h (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., respectively)
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    a Schematic illustration of the assembled homemade all-solid-state batteries. b Open-circuit plots (inset: photograph of open-circuit potential). c Galvanodynamic charge–discharge profiles and corresponding power density curves. d Cycling curves of the batteries at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 (inset: photographs of an LED powered by two all-solid-state Zn–air batteries before and after 10 min)

• Enhanced Roles of Carbon Architectures in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Lu Wang1, Junwei Han1, Debin Kong2,*, Ying Tao1, Quan-Hong Yang1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 5
  First Online: 10 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0233-1

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    Carbon-architecture assembly strategies for building high-energy and high-power LIBs
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    Assembly methods with the assistance of external forces or fields. a Schematic of silicon pomegranates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. b Schematic of the fabrication process for H-Fe3O4/GS hybrid films. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. c Schematic of the gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis method. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45]. d Schematic of the synthesis rGO/Fe3O4 hybrid paper. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. e VA-CNTs/Si structure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56]. f Schematic of the fabrication processes for nanostructured P-doped Si/graphite composites.
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    a Sketch and SEM images of graphite flakes coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. b Graphite-electrode casting. c Sketch depicting lithium diffusion pathways in both electrode architectures. d Rate capability.
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    a Schematic of MoS2@G. b Free-standing MoS2@G membrane. SEM images of: c Mo-SiO2-PVP, d Mo-SiO2@G, and e MoS2@G. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87]. f HRTEM image of Gr-Si NP. g HRTEM image visualizing the origins (red arrows) of individual graphene-layer growth. h Schematic illustration showing the sliding of graphene coating layers that buffer the volume expansion of Si.
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    a Schematic of the fabrication process. b Cross-sectional SEM image. (Inset) A free-standing monolithic electrode. c Rate capability at tunable nanoporosity. d Rate performance at different mass loadings.
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    a Schematic of the lithiation/delithiation processes of the Ge-QD@NG/NGF/PDMS yolk-shell electrode. b, c SEM and d, e TEM images before cycling and under lithiation after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 1 C.
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    a Schematic of in-situ nanocrystal growth with GO as both hard and soft templates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [108]. b Schematic of the sulfur-template control strategy that incorporates void space. HRTEM image of SnO2@GC: c before sulfur removal and d after removal of all of the original sulfur (Scale bar: 5 nm). e Cycling performance.
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    8 a Design concept of a 3D carbon-based current collector. b Visual comparisons of batteries with an ultrathick 3D electrode and a conventional design. Morphology and microstructure: c top view and d cross-sectional view. e Electrochemical performance.

• Comprehensive Application of Graphene: Emphasis on Biomedical Concerns

  S. Syama1, P. V. Mohanan1,*	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 6
  First Online: 12 January 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0237-5

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    Process of graphene synthesis. Graphite is exfoliated and oxidized to form hydrophilic graphene oxide (brown solution). Graphene oxide is further reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide, which is less stable in water (black solution)
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    Drug and gene delivery applications. a Delivery of doxorubicin using amine-PEG-functionalized GO. b siRNA delivery and mRNA degradation using PEI-conjugated GO for gene silencing technology (RISC—RNA-induced silencing complex)
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    Anticancer therapy. a Photothermal destruction of tumor cells following GQD exposure and irradiation. b Development of the phototoxicity on/off system for subcellular targeting and selective destruction of tumor cells. c Combined chemo- and photothermal destruction of tumor cells using drug-loaded graphene nanosheets under NIR irradiation. d Photodynamic therapy using magnetic GO nanoconjugates functionalized with aptamer and an ICG photosensitizer to achieve targeted cancer cell destruction
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    Graphene-based biosensors. a FRET-based graphene sensors for the detection of target DNA using fluorescent-labeled ssDNA. b Graphene biosensors for the immobilization of enzymes to monitor enzyme activity. c Graphene immunosensor for the detection of an antigen–antibody complex for early disease diagnosis. d Graphene nanohybrid electrochemical aptasensor for endotoxin detection. Step 1: Complementary DNA 1 is hybridized to LBA. Step 2: LPS binds to LBA, promoting the release of DNA 1. Step 3: Together with the help of an associated probe, DNA 1 binds to a capture probe and forms a Y-shaped structure. Step 4: Exonuclease nicking cleaves the capture probe and releases both DNA 1 and the assistant probe. Step 5: DNA 1 and the assistant probe are rehybridized to the new capture probe, and the cycle continues. Step 6: More numbers of cleaved capture probes are formed. Step 7: Capture probes are hybridized to DNA 2 nanocomposites, resulting in the production of electrochemical signals. e Structure of the magnetocatalytic GQD-based Janus micromotors and fluorescence quenching upon binding of LPS
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    Bioimaging application. a Graphene quantum dots for in vitro cellular imaging. b Mechanism of toxicity induced by graphene in bacterial cells
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    Graphene as a scaffold for tissue engineering. a The figure explains that graphene enhances the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and also induces their differentiation toward osteogenesis and neuronal cells without the addition of any differentiation factors. b Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets printed using a 3D printer. c Three-dimensional printing and layer-by-layer assembly of a graphene-HA scaffold
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    Protein corona. a Formation of a hard and a soft corona on the surface of nanoparticles, following the incubation of nanoparticles with serum. b Isolation and separation of hard corona proteins that bind to graphene sheets by repeated centrifugation and washing. c SDS-PAGE analysis of hard corona proteins isolated from PRGO incubated with FBS at different time periods (5 min, 30 min, and 2 h). Only BSA (~ 66 kDa) formed a hard corona by strongly binding onto the surface of PRGO under different reaction conditions
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    Graphene–bio interaction. a Mechanism of graphene nanomaterial-induced toxicity (oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation) in mammalian cells. b In vivo organ toxicity induced in animals following graphene administration. c Biochemical parameters following single (i) and repeated (ii) administration of PRGO in mice. d Histopathological sections of the liver (i—control, iii—PRGO group) and the kidney (ii—control, iv—PRGO group)

• Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP-Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  Wenqiang Yan1, Kan Wang1,*, Hao Xu2, Xuyang Huo3,*, Qinghui Jin4,5, Daxiang Cui1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 7
  First Online: 17 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0239-3

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    Format and assay principle of ICTS
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    Assay procedure comprising brief working principle of MIR
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    a Validation card with ICTS cartridge and QR code. b Waveform of validation card, comprising three levels of magnetic intensity: low, medium, and high
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    a Waveform for a single coil employed as the induction coil in the first version of the MIR. b Waveform for a pair of coils employed as the induction coil
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    Flow chart for data processing procedure
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    a Waveform of raw detection data. b Filtered waveform
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    Results of waveform reconstruction (in the small diagram). Blue line is the distorted waveform and green line is the reconstructed waveform
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    a HCG strips used for standard curve. Concentrations from 1 to 8 were 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0 mIU mL-1. b Standard curve for HCG strips
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    a Multiplex line strip and its waveform for detecting cTnI (TL1), CKMB (TL2), and Myo (TL3) simultaneously. Correlation between the results obtained by clinical ECLIA methods and this platform for b cTnI, c CKMB, and d Myo detection in serum samples

• Flexible, Porous, and Metal–Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient ORR Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Battery

  Qijian Niu1,2, Binling Chen3,*, Junxia Guo1,2, Jun Nie1,2, Xindong Guo1,2, Guiping Ma1,2,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 8
  First Online: 19 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0238-4

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs from electrospun Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers: a the micro-morphologies of the nanofibers before and after carbonization; b the simulated cross section diagram; c the simulated molecular structure diagram; d the digital photographs of the nanofiber film before and after carbonization
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    SEM images of the a Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and b Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; TEM images of a single nanofiber c Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and d Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; HR-TEM images and STEM elemental mappings of e a single Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofiber and f a single Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800
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    a TG and DTG curves of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers; b FT-IR spectra; c XRD patterns; and d Raman spectra of Zn/Co-ZIFs/PAN nanofibers and their carbonized samples with different carbonization temperatures (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C)
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    TEM images of the samples obtained at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are the size distributions of metal nanoparticles)
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    High-magnification HR-TEM images of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C (Insets are their corresponding SAED patterns)
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    XPS high-resolution spectra of a Zn 2p, b Co 2p, and c N 1s levels at different carbonization temperatures
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    N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of the samples at different carbonization temperature: a 500 °C, b 600 °C, c 700 °C, d 800 °C, e 900 °C, and f 1000 °C
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    a CV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 in 0.1-M N2-saturated and O2-saturated KOH with a sweep rate of 50 mV s-1; b LSV curves for Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH electrolyte with a 10 mV s-1 and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm; c LSV curves of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different rotation speeds from 400–2500 rpm; d K-L plots of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 at different potentials; e Chronoamperometric response of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1-M O2-saturated KOH aqueous solution at 0.71 V vs. RHE; f The durability test of Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C for methanol, the arrow indicates the introduction of 1 mL methanol
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    a Schematic representation of the basic configuration of a two electrode Zn-air battery by coupling the Zn electrode with an air electrode to execute ORR and OER in 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte; b Catalytic mechanism diagram of cathode about Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800; c Photographs of a green LED (1.8 V) powered by two Zn-air batteries integrated in series; d Discharge polarization and power-density curves of the Zn-air batteries using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as ORR catalysts (mass loading of 1.2 mg cm-2)；e Specific capacities for the Zn-air battery using Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as an ORR catalyst, which was regularized with consumed Zn mass; f Galvanostatic discharge and charge cycling curves at 10 mA cm-2 with each cycle for 10 min (5 min charge and 5 min discharge) of rechargeable Zn-air batteries with the Zn/Co-N@PCNFs-800 and 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 as the cathode catalyst

• N, F-Codoped Microporous Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for ORR

  Tianle Gong1, Ruoyu Qi1, Xundao Liu2, Hong Li1,*, Yongming Zhang1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 9
  First Online: 22 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0240-x

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    Schematic illustration of N, F-MCFs ORR catalysts
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    SEM images of a electrospun PAN/PVP/PVDF nanofibers, b PAN/PVDF porous nanofibers after hydrothermal treatment, N, F-MCFs with different compositions, c PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1, d PAN/PVP/PVDF = 1/1/1.5. e, f TEM images of N, F-MCFs
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    a XRD patterns, b Raman spectra, c, d N2 adsorption isotherms (Inset of c and d are pore size distributions of N, F-MCFs-A and N, F-MCFs-B)
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    a, d XPS spectra of N, F-MCFs-A&B. High-resolution XPS spectra of b, e N 1s and c, f F 1s of N, F-MCFs-A&B
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; N-MCFs-C; and N, F-CFs-D in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A; N, F-MCFs-B; and commercial 20% Pt/C in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. LSV curves and K-L plots of c, d N, F-MCFs-A and e, f N, F-MCFs-B. g Percentage of H2O2 yield and electron transfer number (n) of N, F-MCFs-A. h LSV curves of N, F-MCFs-A with and without 10 mM NaCN in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. b LSV curves and c K–L plots of N, F-MCFs-A in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1
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    a Current-time (i-t) chronoamperometric response of N, F-MCFs-A and Pt/C 20% in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating rate of 1600 rpm for 10,000 s. b CV curves of N, F-MCFs-A and c Pt/C 20% with and without 3 wt% CH3OH in 0.1 M KOH

• In-situ Preparation of Bimetal Co-doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

  Wanbao Wu1, Zhaohui Ruan2, Junzhuo Li1, Yudong Li1, Yanqiu Jiang1,*, Xianzhu Xu1, Defeng Li1, Yuan Yuan2,*, Kaifeng Lin1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 10
  First Online: 23 January 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-018-0236-y

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    XRD patterns of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN composites
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    a Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and b corresponding pore size distribution curves of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN
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    TEM images of a, b P-CN and c, d Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    SEM images of a P-CN, b Co-CN-5, c Mo-MCN-2, d Co/Mo-MCN-5, e–h elemental mapping for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    XPS spectra of a C1s, b N1s, c Mo3d, and d Co2p for Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a Photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of as-prepared materials, b cyclic test of photocatalytic H2 evolution by Co/Mo-MCN-5, c Photocatalytic activities of RhB degradation for as-materials and d cyclic test of RhB degradation by Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    a UV−Vis absorption spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, Mo-MCN-2, and Co/Mo-MCN-5, b Mott–Schottky plots of P-CN and Co/Mo-MCN-5, c transient photocurrent responses, and d photoluminescence spectra of P-CN, Co-CN-5, and Co/Mo-MCN-5
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    Crystal structure of a P-CN, b Co-CN, and c Mo-CN, and charge density difference of d Co-CN and e Mo-CN
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    Band structure of a PCN, b Mo-CN, and c Co-CN
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    Optical absorption coefficient of PCN, Co-CN, and Mo-CN
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    a Simulation model of Mo-MCN. D represents mesopores of sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, and electric field intensity distribution in x–y plane for b P-CN, c Mo-MCN, and x–z plane for d P-CN, and e Mo-MCN
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    Photocatalytic mechanism scheme of Co/Mo-MCN under visible light irradiation

Most Viewed articles are updated on a monthly basis. Below are the journal’s Top 10 most viewed over the last 6 months.

• Bio-Derived Hierarchical Multicore–Shell Fe2N-Nanoparticle-Impregnated N-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Bundles: A Host Material for Lithium-/Potassium-Ion Storage

  Hongjun Jiang1, +, Ling Huang1, +, Yunhong Wei1, Boya Wang1, Hao Wu1, *, Yun Zhang1, * Huakun Liu2, Shixue Dou2	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 56
  First Online: 15 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0290-0

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    a Schematic of the structure of the native SCFs and synthesis strategy for Fe2N@N-CFBs. FESEM images of b, c natural SCFs and d, e Fe2N@N-CFBs. f–i TEM images of Fe2N@N-CFBs at different magnifications. j, k HRTEM images and l–o HAADF-STEM image and corresponding element maps of Fe2N@N-CFBs
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of Fe2N@N-CFBs, N-CFBs, and Fe2N-FBs. c Mössbauer spectrum of Fe2N@N-CFBs at room temperature. The inset shows the crystal structure of the orthorhombic Fe2N. d–f HR XP spectra of the Fe 2p, N 1s, and C 1s peaks of Fe2N@N-CFBs. g Photographs of SCFs, SCFs@Mn+, and MxNy@N-CFBs (M = Co, Ti, Cr)
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    FESEM images of a, d Co4N@N-CFBs, b, e TiN@N-CFBs, and c, f CrN@N-CFBs prepared using SCFs as templates and g–i corresponding XRD patterns
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    Lithium-ion storage properties of Fe2N@N-CFBs. a CV curves and b discharge–charge voltage profiles of Fe2N@N-CFBs for the first three cycles. c Cycling performances and d rate capacities of Fe2N@N-CFBs, N-CFBs, and Fe2N-FBs. e Repeated rate and cycling tests and f long-term cycling performance of Fe2N@N-CFBs
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    a Initial discharge/charge curves of Fe2N@N-CFBs at 50 mA g-1 in the voltage range of 0.01−3.0 V. b–d TEM, HRTEM, and SAED images of the Fe2N@N-CFBs electrode recorded in the fresh b1–3, discharged c1–3, and charged d1–3 states
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    Potassium-ion storage properties of Fe2N@N-CFBs. a CV curves and b discharge–charge profiles at 25 mA g-1 for Fe2N@N-CFBs in the first three cycles. c Rate capabilities of the Fe2N@N-CFBs and Fe2N-FBs electrodes at varied current density. The presented capacities are discharge capacities. d Cycling performances of the Fe2N@N-CFBs and Fe2N-FBs electrodes for 100 cycles at 200 mA g-1
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    Schematic of the different structural evolutions of the Fe2N@N-CFBs (top panel) and Fe2N-FBs (bottom panel) electrode materials during the electrochemical lithium/potassium storage reaction. The light-yellow layer coating on the surface represents the SEI film

• Hierarchical Metal–Organic Frameworks with Macroporosity: Synthesis, Achievements, and Challenges

  Huan V. Doan1, 2, *, Harina Amer Hamzah1, Prasanth Karikkethu Prabhakaran1, Chiara Petrillo1, Valeska P. Ting1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 54
  First Online: 08 July 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0286-9

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    Schematic illustration of the synthesis of HP-MOFs with adjustable porosity using UiO-66 as an example.
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    Schematic representation of synthetic methods for hierarchical MOFs with macroporosity
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    SEM images of HKUST-1/3D-KSCs800 at different magnifications, showing the growth of microporous HKUST-1 crystals on the 3D-KSCs800 macroporous template.
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    SEM images of HKUST-1 coatings on ob-SiC and Al2O3 ceramic foams a, c without and b, d with preliminary alumina sol coating. The HKUST-1 coating layers on the ob-SiC composites are thicker than that for Al2O3 composites.
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    a PXRD patterns of Ni foam-immobilised MIL-101(Cr) (blue) showing the presence of peaks which correspond to both Ni foam (black) and MIL-101(Cr) nanocrystals (red). b SEM images of Ni foam-immobilised MIL-101(Cr) showing the presence of multi-layered MIL-101(Cr) nanocrystals on the macroporous Ni foam.
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    Schematic illustrations showing the preparation of ZIF-8@CA and the resulting SEM images.
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    SEM images of a ZIF-9@CA and pure ZIF-9 inset; and b ZIF-12@CA and pure ZIF-12 inset.
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    a The procedure for the preparation of PCN‐224 decorated melamine foam composites. b FESEM images of PCN-224(Fe)/MF composite depicting the melamine foam network homogeneously decorated with PCN-224(Fe) microcrystals. c The high similarities between the PXRD patterns of PCN-224(Fe) (grey) and PCN-224(Fe)50%/MF (purple), PCN-224(Fe)100%/MF (green), PCN-224(Fe)150%/MF (blue), PCN-224(Fe)200%/MF (red) and PCN-224(Fe)325%/MF (black) indicating the structural stability of the MOF composites. d N2 sorption isotherms of PCN‐224(Fe)50%/MF (purple), PCN‐224(Fe)100%/MF (green), PCN‐224(Fe)150%/MF (blue), PCN‐224(Fe)200%/MF (red), and PCN‐224(Fe)325%/MF (black). The BET surface areas increased with the increasing loading amount of PCN-224(Fe) in the composites.
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    a SEM images of the conversion of Cu-06 to HKUST-1 with 1-minute time intervals, showing the growth of polyhedral crystallites with the preservation of the co-continuous macroporous gel structure. All the images are in the identical magnification. b N2 sorption isotherms and c BJH pore size distributions with respect to increased immersion times. The BET surface areas and pore sizes increased with immersion times.
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    a Schematic diagram of SOM-ZIF-8 synthesis. SEM images of b SOM-ZIF-8 and c an isolated crystal of SOM-ZIF-8 showing the tetrakaidecahedron morphology.
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    Schematic illustrations showing the preparation of ZIF–sponge, showing a surfactant-assisted dip-coating self-assembling process and b surface-modification of the sponge skeleton first with a surfactant and then ZIF-67. c, d SEM images of ZIF–sponge prepared with the assistance of SDBS under different magnifications (the scale bar is 2 μm), showing ZIF nanocrystals were dip-coated on the surface of melamine sponge.
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    a Schematic representation for the preparation of HKUST-1 particles and the subsequent modification to produce macroporous HKUST-1 particles. b SEM image of HKUST-1 microparticles prepared by solvothermal synthesis with water–ethanol (1 : 1 v/v). c SEM image of modified HKUST-1 particle with hydroquinone at 150 °C for 16 h, showing the macroporous microparticles. d Macropore size distribution as measured by Hg intrusion porosimetry, with an intrusion pore volume 2.65 cm3 g−1, for the modified HKUST-1 particles.
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    SEM images of HKUST-1 particles modified by different reagents other than hydroquinone. a in 50 µL boric acid aqueous solution at 150 °C for 16 h and b in 50 µL NaCl aqueous solution at 150 °C for 16 h, showing some large etched holes were formed from the centre of the particles.
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    a, b Schematic representation of the etching process for HKUST-1 using phosphoric acid, showing phosphoric acid diffusing into HKUST-1 to form a hierarchical porous structure (a) and the disassembly of a cluster and 4 linkers (b). c-e SEM images of HKUST-1 etching in phosphoric acid using DMSO and MeOH as dilute solvents at pH 2.8 (c) and pH 2.6 (d, e), showing interconnected geometrical macropores after etching.
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    a Diagram illustrating the MOF-stabilized HIPE and derivation of MOA from HIPE. b-d Photographs of the emulsions stabilised by Cu3(BTC)2 with the initial diethyl ether volume fractions of 0.57, 0.43, and 0.29, respectively, demonstrating ability to tune pore size in HIPEs. e-g The corresponding confocal laser scanning microscopy images of the above HIPEs (HIPE-1, HIPE-2 and HIPE-3, respectively). Scale bars, 20 μm.
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    a Schematic illustration for the formation of hollow Zn–BTC tetrahedroids via a CO2–IL interfacial templating route. b SEM and c TEM images of the hollow tetrahedron-like Zn–BTC microparticles. The N-EtFOSA concentration is 2.0 wt% based on IL and the CO2 pressure is 6.3 MPa.
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    a-f SEM images of HKUST-1 synthesised in CO2-expanded DMF. a, b 2.0; c, d 4.5; e, f 6.6 MPa. Scale bars, 150, 50, 500, 150, 500, and 150 nm for a–f, respectively. g The mesopore size distribution curves for the Cu3(BTC)2 synthesised in CO2-expanded DMF at 2.0 MPa (blue curves), 4.5 MPa (red curves) and 6.6 MPa (green curves).
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    a Schematic illustration for the formation of the mesoporous Co-MOF in an IL/SC CO2/surfactant emulsion system. b TEM images of the Co-MOF synthesised in an IL/SC CO2/surfactant emulsion system at 16 MPa and 80 °C for 48 h.
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    Schematic illustration for a HKUST-1 crystallisation and b meso/macropore formation in the CO2-expanded solvent. c SEM images (top) and TEM images (bottom) of HKUST-1 synthesised using scCO2 at 75 bar, 40 °C for more than 24 h, showing introduction of interconnected macropores.
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    a Schematic of the 3D-printed MOF monolith preparation procedure. b SEM images of 3D-printed MOF-74 (Ni) (b1 and b2) and 3D-printed UTSA-16 (Co) (b3 and b4), showing uniform distribution of MOF crystals and with large voids. c PXRD patterns of 3D-printed MOF-74 (Ni) (c1) and 3D-printed UTSA-16 (Co) (c2) with their powder counterparts, showing crystallinity retained for both MOF-74 (Ni) and UTSA-16 (Co) MOFs after they were extruded into the monolith form.
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    Photos of 3D printed scaffolds: a 4CelloZIF8 and b 4CelloZIF8‐Cur. Insets are images representing the pores, with the scale bar representing 0.5 mm. SEM images of c scaffold 4CelloZIF8 and d scaffold 4CelloZIF8‐Cur. Scale bar = 1 µm. e PXRD patterns of CelloZIF8 hybrids using different ZIF‐8 and f different ZIF‐8 loadings while keeping Hmim:Zn to 35:1 and curcumin to 30 mg, showing that the crystallinity and the framework are maintained with different curcumin and Zn loadings.

• Boosting Sodium Storage of Fe1-xS/MoS2 Composite via Heterointerface Engineering

  Song Chen1, 2, Shaozhuan Huang2, Junping Hu2, Shuang Fan1, 2, Yang Shang2, Mei Er Pam2, Xiaoxia Li2, Ye Wang4, Tingting Xu4, Yumeng Shi1, 3, *, Hui Ying Yang2, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 80
  First Online: 23 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0311-z

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    a Schematic illustration of the synthesis process for Fe1-xS/MoS2 nanocomposite. b XRD pattern and c high-resolution XPS spectra (Fe 2p, Mo 3d, and S 2p) of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. d SEM, e TEM and f HRTEM images of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. (g) Element mappings of the Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite
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    a CV curves of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode for the first five cycles. b Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at 100 mA g-1. c Cycling performance at 100 mA g-1. d Rate capability at various current densities. e Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode at various current densities. f The comparison of the rate capability with other iron sulfide-based anode materials previously reported [9, 12-14, 38, 55, 56]. g Long-term cycling performance at 1.0 A g-1
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    Kinetic analysis of sodium storage behavior for Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite. a Linear relationship between log (i) and log (v). b Capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution at 1.0 mV s-1. c Normalized contribution ratio of capacitive capacities at different scan rates. d In situ EIS spectra evolution at different charge/discharge potentials. e First charge/discharge profile at 100 mA g-1 with labeled points for EIS. f EIS spectra after different cycles. g GITT curve. h The corresponding Na+ diffusion coefficient at different discharge/charge state of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite and pure Fe1-xS electrodes
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    a Contour plots of in situ XRD results and b selected diffraction patterns of Fe1-xS/MoS2 composite electrode during the first sodiation/desodiation process
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    a Schematic illustration of Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. b The diffusion barrier profiles of Na on Fe1-xS surface and Fe1-xS/MoS2 interface. c Proposed schematic atomistic models of the illustrated reaction mechanism for Fe1-xS/MoS2 heterostructure during the sodiation and desodiation process

• Ultrathin and Flexible CNTs/MXene/Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Paper for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in X-Band

  Wentao Cao1,2, Chang Ma2, Shuo Tan1, Mingguo Ma2, *, Pengbo Wan3, *, Feng Chen1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 72
  First Online: 07 September 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0304-y

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    a Schematic illustrating the fabrication of CMC GS composite paper. b Digital image, c XPS spectra, and d TEM image of Ti3C2 MXene. e Digital image, and f, g TEM images of CNTs. h Digital image, i FTIR spectra, and j TEM image of CNFs. k-m Digital images of the as-prepared CMC GS composite paper
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    a XPS survey spectrum of the pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. b XRD patterns of the Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper with different Ti3C2 content. c, d N2 sorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of pure Ti3C2 paper and Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. e Top-view, and f cross-sectional SEM images of pure Ti3C2 paper. g Top-view, and h cross-sectional SEM images of Ti3C2-CNTs composite paper. i Cross-sectional SEM and EDS mapping images of CMC GS composite paper
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    a Tensile stress-strain curves of the pure Ti3C2 MXene, CMC mixture, and CMC GS composite paper b SEM image and the corresponding EDS map of the fracture surface of CMC GS composite paper. c Schematic illustration of the crack-propagation mode of CMC GS composite paper. d, e Electrical resistance variation of CMC GS composite paper with bending test
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    a Digital images of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15. b Electrical conductivity, and c EMI SE of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 in the X-band region. d Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of single-layered CNFs, CM-5, CM-10, and CM-15 at the frequency of 8.2 GHz
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    a The EMI SE of composite paper with different sandwich structure in the X-band. b Comparison of SETotal, SEA, and SER of composite paper with different sandwich structure. c The EMI SE of CM-CNFs-CM composite paper with various CNFs content in the X-band. The d EMI SE, e R, and f A of evenly distributed CM composite paper and two-layered CM composite paper with different gradient structures in the X-band
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    a The EMI SE of randomly mixed CMC paper and CMC GS composite paper in the X-band. b The A of CMC GS composite paper with different gradient structures. c Proposed EMI shielding mechanism of the CMC GS composite paper. d Comparison of the specific EMI shielding effectiveness as a function of thickness. The numbers inside d are sample numbers listed in Table S2

• Flexible Tactile Electronic Skin with Three-dimensional Force Sensing Capability based on Microstructured CNTs/PDMS Nanocomposite

  Xuguang Sun1, 2, ‡, Jianhai Sun1, ‡, Tong Li1, Shuaikang Zheng1, 2, Chunkai Wang1, 2, Wenshuo Tan1, 2, Jingong Zhang3, Chang Liu1, Tianjun Ma1, Zhimei Qi1, Chunxiu Liu1, *, Ning Xue1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 57
  First Online: 16 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0288-7

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    a Dismantling structure schematic diagram of the tactile sensor array and one single element. b-d Cross section diagrams of a tactile sensor element under initial state, normal force state and tangential force state respectively. e Photograph of the sensor array attached to a curved surface
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    a Schematic of the fabrication details of flexible tactile sensor array. b, c SEM images in top view of surface structure of nanocomposites at different magnifications. d Side view of the nanocomposite film with double-sided rough surface. e, f SEM images of porous structures in the nanocomposite at high magnification. g Magnified view of individual MWNTs in nanocomposite
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    a Current-Voltage curves of the sensor from -5 to 5 V under various pressures. b Detection of human wrist pulses. c Monitoring human finger bending. d-f Detection of different speech pronunciation and cough vibration. g Detection of micro-pressure of 25 mg and 5 mg. h Detection of local weak airflow
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    a Resistance response and pressure sensitivity of the tactile sensor under normal pressure. The error bars represent standard deviations. b, c Resistance responses and sensitivities of different cells beneath the bump in one element under normal pressure and tangential forces in x direction and -x direction. d Response curves of cells under tangential forces in 45° direction. e Resistance change of each cell to angles in XOY plane (0°≤ θ ≤180°), applied forces F= 0.2 and 0.5 N. f Absolute change of resistance difference of corresponding cells to angles in XOZ plane (-90°≤ α ≤90°), applied force F=0.1 N. RC1, RC2, RC3, and RC4 represent the resistance of Cell 1, Cell 2, Cell 3, and Cell 4, respectively
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    a The dynamic voltage response of the sensor under repeated various pressures. b Response and recovery time with 5 kPa loading and unloading. c Dynamic voltage responses of four cells with continuous loading and unloading of 0.02 N. d Good repeatability and durability after continuous about 4000 pressing-releasing cycles. e Voltage responses of different cells in the same row under a finger sliding. f-h Pressure distribution of sensor array with quantitative color under the case of double points pressing, circle pressing, and diagonal pressing

• Advances in Tin-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

  Shulin Zhao1, Sheng Li1, Tao Guo1, Shuaishuai Zhang1, Jing Wang1, Yuping Wu1,* Yuhui Chen1, *	Abstract Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 62
  First Online: 29 July 2019 (Review)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0293-x

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    Possible reaction pathways for electrocatalytic CO2ER on the Sn-based catalysts in aqueous solutions
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    a Volcano plot using •COOH binding energy as a descriptor for CO partial current density at -0.9 V (vs. RHE). b Volcano plot using •OCHO binding energy as a descriptor for HCOO- partial current density at -0.9 V (vs. RHE).
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    a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of Sn-modified N-doped carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts. b High-resolution Sn3d XPS spectra for AD-Sn/N-C1000 and Sn-CF1000. c FEs and partial current densities of three products on Sn-CF1000 at -0.8 V (vs. RHE) in CO2-saturated KHCO3 solution with different concentrations.
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    a Illustration of the fabrication process of CuxO-Sn NWs. b XRD patterns of Cu foil, Cu(OH)2, CuxO, and CuxO-Sn. c Typical SEM images of CuxO-Sn NWs. d STEM elemental mapping results of CuxO-Sn NWs. e Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves in 0.1 M KHCO3 solution for CO2 electroreduction on Cu NWs and Cu-Sn NWs. f Comparison of the FE of CO at different potentials between Cu NWs and Cu-Sn NWs. g Potential dependent CO FE for Cu, Cu-Sn, Cu-Au, and Cu-Au-Sn NWs.
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    a TEM images and size distributions of the NPs in Pd/C and PdSn/C. b XRD patterns of the catalysts with different Sn contents. c Relative intensity ratios of Pd0/PdII and Sn0/SnIV versus the molar ratios of Pd/Sn.
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    a Synthesis of AgSn/SnOx core-shell catalysts. b HAADF-STEM image of Ag76Sn24. c-f EELS mapping of the selected region showing the elemental distribution of Sn, Ag, O, and their overlay. g CO2 reduction Faradaic efficiencies of AgSn/SnOx catalysts with different Sn concentrations. h FE of Ag76Sn24 catalyst for CO, formate, and H2.
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    a SEM image of the WIT SnO2 nanofibers. b High resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of the WIT SnO2 nanofibers with a high density of GBs. c, d HRTEM images of SnO2 nanoparticles.
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    a Schematic illustration of the surfactant-induced 2D assembly of confined space with TNS and SnO2 nanoparticles. b Schematic illustration of 2D TNS-SnO2 assembly with different interlayer spacings for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. c XRD patterns of TNS-0.9-SnO2, TNS-2.0-SnO2, and TNS-3.0-SnO2. d HRTEM of TNS-2.0-SnO2.
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    a TEM image of 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets. b HAADF-STEM and STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of individual 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets. c FEs for formate production over pristine SnS2 and Ni-doped SnS2 nanosheets. d Long-term stability performance of 5%Ni-SnS2 nanosheets at -0.9 V (vs. RHE) for 8 h.

• Manganese-Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-90 with High Blood Circulation Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Tumor Therapy

  Zhenqi Jiang1, 3, †, Bo Yuan1, †, Nianxiang Qiu1, Yinjie Wang1, 3, Li Sun1, 3, Zhenni Wei1, Yanyin Li1, 3, Jianjun Zheng2, Yinhua Jin2, Yong Li1, Shiyu Du1, Juan Li1, *, Aiguo Wu1, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 61
  First Online: 23 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0292-y

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    Schematic of bio-application and potential mechanism of APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu for tumor therapy and the binding mode of APT with Y1R. After intravenous injection, the APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu reduces drug release during blood circulation and triggers fast drug release with low pH and high adenosine triphosphate conditions in the tumor microenvironment for MRI-guided tumor therapy. The binding mode of APT with Y1R is shown on the lower right side; Y1R is shown in cartoon representation. APT (green carbons) and receptor residues (pink carbons) involved in the ligand binding are shown as sticks. The H-bonds are represented by the yellow dashed lines
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    a Schematic of APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu preparation process; b SEM and c TEM images of Mn-ZIF-90; d Dynamic light scattering of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 in culture medium at 37 °C; e PXRD results of ZIF-90, Mn-ZIF-90, APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu and 5-Fu; f XPS pattern of Mn-ZIF-90 and ZIF-90 NPs; g Drug-loading content of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 for different stirring times. Mean ± SD (n=3); h STEM elemental mapping of Zn, Mn, C, N, O, and EDS spectrum for Mn-ZIF-90
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    Cellular uptake of NPs in MCF-7 cells. a LSCM images of RhB-loaded Mn-ZIF-90 and APT-Mn-ZIF-90 incubated with MCF-7 cells for 8 h, and the RhB 123 was used as a mitochondrion tracker; b Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of MCF-7 cells incubated with NPs for 8 h, and followed by flow cytometric analysis; c XRFM images of Cl, Zn, and Mn in MCF-7 cells incubated with NPs for 8 h; d the concentration of Mn2+ in MCF-7 cells after incubating with different concentrations of NPs for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a Cumulative release of 5-Fu from NPs in different environments (pH 7.4 + 10% FBS and pH 5.5) for 24 h in 37 °C in vitro; b Cell viability of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 incubated with MCF-7 cells for 24 h; c Cell inhibition effect and d IC50 values of 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu after incubation with MCF-cells for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a, b Serum biochemistry data of healthy mice after intravenous injection of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 for 7 days at different concentrations; c Blood routine analysis. Blood levels of MCH, WBC, HGB, RBC, MCHC, and PLT of healthy mice after APT-Mn-ZIF-90 injection after 7 days at different concentrations; d Biodistribution and e excretion profiles of Mn2+ after treatment with APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at different times. Mean ± SD (n=3)
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    H&E staining of major organs of mice 7 days post-injection of PBS and different concentrations of Mn-ZIF-90 or APT-Mn-ZIF-90. (Scale bar = 100 μm)
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    a In vitro T1-weighted MR images of APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at different concentrations; b T1 relaxation rate of APT-Mn-ZIF-90; c T1-weighted MR images of MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice after intravenous injection of PBS, Mn-ZIF-90, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90 at 24 h, the tumor is marked by the red circle. d Average gray value of tumor from the T1-weighted images; e Biodistribution of Mn in major organs and tumor after injection for 24 h. Mean ± SD (n=3), ** p<0.01
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    a Blood concentration of 5-Fu at different time points after intravenous injection of 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, with 5-Fu concentration of 8 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics of 5-Fu follows the three-compartment model. Mean ± SD (n=3); b Relative tumor volume, c body weight, and d survival rate of tumor-bearing mice after treatment with PBS, 5-Fu, Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, and APT-Mn-ZIF-90/5-Fu, with 5-Fu concentration of 8 mg/kg. Mean ± SD (n=5), ** p<0.01; e Photograph of tumor-bearing mice 14 days post-injection; f H&E staining of tumors for one treatment after 24 h (scale bar = 100 μm)
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    H&E staining of major organs of MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice after treatment for 14 days. The metastasis are marked by the red cycle in the liver (scale bar = 100 μm)

• Flexible Conductive Anodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO Network for Sodium-Ion Batteries

  Linqu Luo1, Jianjun Song1, *, Longfei Song1, Hongchao Zhang1, Yicheng Bi2, Lei Liu3, Longwei Yin4, Fengyun Wang1, *, Guoxiu Wang5, *	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 63
  First Online: 01 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0294-9

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    Schematic illustration of the formation process of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO flexible electrodes
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    Morphology and Microstructure characterizations of Sn/N-CNFs and Sn/NS CNFs@rGO. a, b SEM images of Sn/N-CNF; c TEM and d HRTEM images of Sn/N CNFs. e Low-magnification and f high-magnification SEM images of Sn/NS CNFs@rGO. g TEM and h HRTEM images of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO. i Dark-field image of the Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO and the corresponding EDS elemental mapping of C, N, Sn and S, illustrating homogeneous distribution of C, N, Sn, and S atoms along the nanofiber body
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of Sn/N-CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO. High resolution XPS spectra of c Sn 3d, d C 1s, e N 1s, and f S 2p
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    a Cyclic voltammograms for the first three cycles of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode at a scanning rate of 0.2 mV s-1. b The first three galvanostatic discharge/charge voltage profiles of a Sn/NS CNFs@rGO electrode at 100 mA g-1. c Cycling performance of Sn/N CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N-CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrodes at a current density of 100 mA g-1 in the voltage range of 0.01-2.0 V vs Na+/Na. d Rate capabilities of the Sn/N CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, Sn/N-CNFs@rGO, and Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrodes at various current densities. e Galvanostatic discharge-charge profiles of the Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO at different rates. f Comparison of the specific capacities of various Sn-based anode materials at different current densities. g Long-term cycling performance of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode at 1000 mA g-1, and the corresponding Coulombic efficiency
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    a CV profiles of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO at various scan rate. b Plots of (log i) versus (log υ). c Capacitive contribution in the CV curve (shaded region) of Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO obtained at 4 mV s-1. d Capacitive contribution in the CV profiles obtained at various scan rates
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    a, b Ex situ SEM and c, d ex situ TEM images of a Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode after discharging/charging at 3 A g-1 for 1000 cycles, and the insets are digital photos of flexibles Sn/NS CNFs@rGO electrodes after discharging/charging at 3 A g-1 for 1000 cycles. e Schematic illustration of the enhanced sodium-ion and electron transportation mechanisms of Sn/NS CNFs@rGO

• Electrostatic Self-Assembly of 0D-2D SnO2 Quantum Dots/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

  Huan Liu1, #, Xin Zhang2, #, Yifan Zhu2, Bin Cao2, Qizhen Zhu2, Peng Zhang2, Bin Xu2,*, Feng Wu1, Renjie Chen1,*	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 65
  First Online: 02 August 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0296-7

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    Schematic illustration for the preparation of 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrids
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    a SEM image, b TEM image and c HRTEM image of 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrid; d SAED patterns of SnO2 QDs; e STEM image and corresponding elemental mapping images of Ti, C, Sn, and O
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of MXene, SnO2, and SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrid; XPS spectra of c MXene for high-resolution C 1s, d Ti 1s and e SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 for high-resolution C 1s, f Ti 1s
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    Electrochemical performances as anode in LIBs. a, b CV curves of SnO2 QDs/MXene at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1 in 0.01-2.5 V; c, d charge/discharge curves of SnO2 QDs/MXene at 50 mA g-1
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    a Cycle stability and b rate performance of all the samples as LIB electrodes; c comparison of rate capacity between the SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 and other MXene-based electrode materials reported for LIBs; d Nyquist plots of the SnO2 QDs/MXene-52 and the pure SnO2 electrodes; e energy-storage mechanism the 0D-2D SnO2 QDs/MXene hybrids

• High-performance Na-ion Storage of S-doped Porous Carbon Derived from Conjugated Microporous Polymers

  Yuquan Li1, †, Bin Ni1, †, Xiaodan Li2, Xianghui Wang1, *, Dafeng Zhang3, Qingfei Zhao5, Jinliang Li2, *, Ting Lu1, 4, *, Wenjie Mai2, Likun Pan1	Abstract | Support Info Full Text Html PDF w/ Links Export Citation
  Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11: 60
  First Online: 17 July 2019 (Article)
  DOI:10.1007/s40820-019-0291-z

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    SEM images of a SC-600, b SC-700, c SC-800, and d SC-900. The insets show the corresponding magnified SEM images. e EDS elemental mapping of SC-800. f HRTEM image of SC-800. The inset shows the average interlayer distance at the electronic scale
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    a XRD patterns and b Raman spectra of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900. c XPS C 1s profile of SC-800. d XPS S 2p profiles. e Nitrogen sorption isotherms and f pore-size distributions of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900
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    a CV curves and b charge/discharge profiles of SC-800. c Electrochemical impedance spectra, d cycling performance, e Coulombic efficiencies, f rate performance, and g long-term cycling performance of SC-600, SC-700, SC-800, and SC-900
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    a Long-term cycling performance and b rate performance of other S-doped C-based materials for comparison
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    Possible Na-ion storage mechanism for SCs
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    Ex situ XPS profiles of SC-600 in different states during the initial charge/discharge cycle: a corresponding voltage states; b Na 1s, c C 1s, and d S 2p XPS profiles
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    a CV curves of SC-800 at different sweep rates after cycling. b Relationship between log(i) and log(v) for SC-800. c Voltammetric response (1.0 mV s-1) for SC-800 and d contributions of the capacitive and diffusion-controlled charges at different sweep rates